Naukovi Novyny, Vol 1, Issue 11, November 28, 2019
About the causes of artificially organized famine
About the causes of artificially organized famine
“The Holodomor of 1932-1933 is an act of genocide of the Ukrainian people , organized by the leadership of the Comunist party and the government of the USSR in 1932 - 1933 by creating an artificial mass famine. Famine killings took place in Ukraine and the Kuban both before 1933 and in 1932. The only difference is the scale of the crime. If hundreds of thousands of people were murdered during the famine in 1932, then in 1933 the number went to millions. However, in 1932, and in 1933, in Ukraine and the Kuban, unlike other regions of the USSR , where many people were killed by famine, famine was an act of genocide because it was deliberately directed against the Ukrainian nation as such. [1] The number of people killed by the famine was estimated by some historians at 3.941 million in rural areas in the Ukrainian SSR. [2] and the Kuban [3] , the vast majority of whom were Ukrainians, accounting for 6.122 million unborn losses [4][5] . The Holodomor is triggered by deliberate and purposeful actions by the top leadership of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR, led by Stalin, designed to suppress the Ukrainian national liberation movement and physically destroy part of the Ukrainian peasants [6] .
“The Holodomor of 1932-1933 is an act of genocide of the Ukrainian people , organized by the leadership of the Comunist party and the government of the USSR in 1932 - 1933 by creating an artificial mass famine. Famine killings took place in Ukraine and the Kuban both before 1933 and in 1932. The only difference is the scale of the crime. If hundreds of thousands of people were murdered during the famine in 1932, then in 1933 the number went to millions. However, in 1932, and in 1933, in Ukraine and the Kuban, unlike other regions of the USSR , where many people were killed by famine, famine was an act of genocide because it was deliberately directed against the Ukrainian nation as such. [1] The number of people killed by the famine was estimated by some historians at 3.941 million in rural areas in the Ukrainian SSR. [2] and the Kuban [3] , the vast majority of whom were Ukrainians, accounting for 6.122 million unborn losses [4][5] . The Holodomor is triggered by deliberate and purposeful actions by the top leadership of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR, led by Stalin, designed to suppress the Ukrainian national liberation movement and physically destroy part of the Ukrainian peasants [6] .
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Prerequisites
Prerequisites
From the documents known to us today (in particular[22] ) it is concluded that it was the conscious organization of the extermination of the Ukrainians by the leadership of Soviet Russia (later - the USSR ). Famine was organized on all their ethnic lands, not just within the Ukrainian SSR. Organizational actions and open plunder of peasants, which caused famine among the peasantry, with the use of troops, began no later than 1920, from the time when Ukraine was now openly mentioned as "conquered by the Red Army in 1920".[23] . And the first organizers and leaders of these actions were V. Ulyanov-Lenin and L. Trotsky.
From the documents known to us today (in particular[22] ) it is concluded that it was the conscious organization of the extermination of the Ukrainians by the leadership of Soviet Russia (later - the USSR ). Famine was organized on all their ethnic lands, not just within the Ukrainian SSR. Organizational actions and open plunder of peasants, which caused famine among the peasantry, with the use of troops, began no later than 1920, from the time when Ukraine was now openly mentioned as "conquered by the Red Army in 1920".[23] . And the first organizers and leaders of these actions were V. Ulyanov-Lenin and L. Trotsky.
In 1930, the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Comunist Party, Joseph Stalin, gave impetus to a new wave of collectivization in the USSR. In April of that year, the Bread Bill was passed, under which collective farms were required to hand over a quarter to a third of the harvested grain to the state. Meanwhile, as a result of the Great Depression , agricultural prices in the West have fallen sharply. The Soviet Union was on the verge of an economic crisis, because no one gave it long-term loans, demanding to accept the debts of the Russian Empire. In order to earn currency, it was decided to increase the volume of grain sales, as a result of which the grain-harvesting plans grew sharply and unmotivated, almost all the harvest was collected from the collective farms, which motivated the peasants to give up work on the land, and gave rise to mass uncontrolled urbanization. In order to combat this phenomenon , internal passports were introduced in the USSR in December 1932 .
In 1930, the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Comunist Party, Joseph Stalin, gave impetus to a new wave of collectivization in the USSR. In April of that year, the Bread Bill was passed, under which collective farms were required to hand over a quarter to a third of the harvested grain to the state. Meanwhile, as a result of the Great Depression , agricultural prices in the West have fallen sharply. The Soviet Union was on the verge of an economic crisis, because no one gave it long-term loans, demanding to accept the debts of the Russian Empire. In order to earn currency, it was decided to increase the volume of grain sales, as a result of which the grain-harvesting plans grew sharply and unmotivated, almost all the harvest was collected from the collective farms, which motivated the peasants to give up work on the land, and gave rise to mass uncontrolled urbanization. In order to combat this phenomenon , internal passports were introduced in the USSR in December 1932 .
Against this background, the food situation of Ukrainian villages has become increasingly difficult. As a result of the grain confiscation of 1931, which lasted until the spring of 1932, famine began in certain rural areas of the Ukrainian SSR, killing about 150,000 peasants. It lasted until the 1932 harvest came.
Against this background, the food situation of Ukrainian villages has become increasingly difficult. As a result of the grain confiscation of 1931, which lasted until the spring of 1932, famine began in certain rural areas of the Ukrainian SSR, killing about 150,000 peasants. It lasted until the 1932 harvest came.
On the other hand, as the pressure on the peasants increased, the peasant resistance movement intensified. According to the Prosecutor General Office data alone, from February 20 to April 2, 1930 , there were 1,716 mass revolts in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, of which 15 were qualified as " widespread armed uprisings against Soviet power." They united up to two thousand people and performed under the slogans: "Give us back Petliura!", "Give the other power!", "Long live independent Ukraine!", "Away from the USSR!", "Let's gain another freedom, away from the commune!". In those days, people organized themselves as they could, armed with pitchforks, shovels, axes and had even horseriding squads. Crowds of peasants singing "Ukraine has not died yet" were liquidated by local authorities. Party and Komsomol members ran away. The documented events in the villages of Ustyvitsa and Fedunka in Poltava region serve as an example of such situations, as well as the methods of the Soviet power's struggle with the peasants .
On the other hand, as the pressure on the peasants increased, the peasant resistance movement intensified. According to the Prosecutor General Office data alone, from February 20 to April 2, 1930 , there were 1,716 mass revolts in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, of which 15 were qualified as " widespread armed uprisings against Soviet power." They united up to two thousand people and performed under the slogans: "Give us back Petliura!", "Give the other power!", "Long live independent Ukraine!", "Away from the USSR!", "Let's gain another freedom, away from the commune!". In those days, people organized themselves as they could, armed with pitchforks, shovels, axes and had even horseriding squads. Crowds of peasants singing "Ukraine has not died yet" were liquidated by local authorities. Party and Komsomol members ran away. The documented events in the villages of Ustyvitsa and Fedunka in Poltava region serve as an example of such situations, as well as the methods of the Soviet power's struggle with the peasants .
Soviet power did not take root in the Ukrainian SSR. The USSR leadership understood this. At a party meeting in the summer of 1930, the head of the Communist Party of Ukraine Kosior stated:
Soviet power did not take root in the Ukrainian SSR. The USSR leadership understood this. At a party meeting in the summer of 1930, the head of the Communist Party of Ukraine Kosior stated:
“The peasant adopts a new tactic. He refuses to harvest. He wants to rot the grain to stifle the Soviet government with a bony hand of famine. But the enemy miscalculated. We'll show him what hunger is. Your task is to end the crop's sabotage sabotage. You must collect it to the last grain and send it to the workpiece immediately. The peasants do not work. They are counting on the pre-harvested grain they have stored in the pits. We must make them open their pits »
“The peasant adopts a new tactic. He refuses to harvest. He wants to rot the grain to stifle the Soviet government with a bony hand of famine. But the enemy miscalculated. We'll show him what hunger is. Your task is to end the crop's sabotage sabotage. You must collect it to the last grain and send it to the workpiece immediately. The peasants do not work. They are counting on the pre-harvested grain they have stored in the pits. We must make them open their pits »
Stalin understood that. In a letter to Kaganovich dated August 11, 1932 , the leader wrote:
Stalin understood that. In a letter to Kaganovich dated August 11, 1932 , the leader wrote:
“If we do not take action now to remedy the situation in Ukraine, we can lose Ukraine… Our goal is to turn Ukraine into a real fortress of the USSR as soon as possible; to a true model republic. Money is not to be spared"
“If we do not take action now to remedy the situation in Ukraine, we can lose Ukraine… Our goal is to turn Ukraine into a real fortress of the USSR as soon as possible; to a true model republic. Money is not to be spared"
Thus, the Soviet leadership had two goals. First, drive the peasants into collective farms and increase the volume of grain. Secondly, to break the class and national resistance movement that gained momentum in the waves of Ukrainianization."
Thus, the Soviet leadership had two goals. First, drive the peasants into collective farms and increase the volume of grain. Secondly, to break the class and national resistance movement that gained momentum in the waves of Ukrainianization."
Source used
Source used
1. The Holodomor in Ukraine (1932-1933), Wikipedia
1. The Holodomor in Ukraine (1932-1933), Wikipedia