Naukovi Novyny, Vol 1, Issue 10, October 31, 2019
Science and China
Science and China
D. Demydenko (editor)
D. Demydenko (editor)
The leading powers of the world have long been aware of the importance of the development of science, the discoveries of which form the basis of technologies, which in turn are necessary for the development of all fields of human activity.
The leading powers of the world have long been aware of the importance of the development of science, the discoveries of which form the basis of technologies, which in turn are necessary for the development of all fields of human activity.
But the realization that not only the amount of financial resources allocated to science is important, but also ensuring the effective use of these funds, comes not immediately, since the people in power, for the most part, are poorly aware about the details of the scientific process, although the empty spaces in this awareness are getting smaller and smaller.
But the realization that not only the amount of financial resources allocated to science is important, but also ensuring the effective use of these funds, comes not immediately, since the people in power, for the most part, are poorly aware about the details of the scientific process, although the empty spaces in this awareness are getting smaller and smaller.
China has started to substantially increase financing of science a long time ago. It is clear that this was made possible by the growth of this country's economy.
China has started to substantially increase financing of science a long time ago. It is clear that this was made possible by the growth of this country's economy.
Following the increase in funding, China's science metrics have also begun to increase in terms of the amount of research done and published scientific results [1], but for the most part their quality was and is poor.
Following the increase in funding, China's science metrics have also begun to increase in terms of the amount of research done and published scientific results [1], but for the most part their quality was and is poor.
Realization of the need to improve the quality of research by establishing legal safeguards on the path of misconduct came after some time.
Realization of the need to improve the quality of research by establishing legal safeguards on the path of misconduct came after some time.
According to the world's scientific media [2], a draft academic misconduct law in China is currently under public discussion. The draft law, which provides for liability for not declaring conflicts of interest, misuse of funds, infringement of intellectual property rights, falsification of scientific results and, interestingly, for research that "undermines national security", which may be a bit excessive, since national security can be undermined not by research but by the use of research results. And as you know, the simplest thing can be used both for the benefit and the detriment of something. For the above violations, it is proposed to suspend the financing of projects, to prohibit grant applications, to deprive of privileges, awards and titles. It is also proposed to provide for the responsibility of heads of research teams and institutions for concealing instances of academic malpractice.
According to the world's scientific media [2], a draft academic misconduct law in China is currently under public discussion. The draft law, which provides for liability for not declaring conflicts of interest, misuse of funds, infringement of intellectual property rights, falsification of scientific results and, interestingly, for research that "undermines national security", which may be a bit excessive, since national security can be undermined not by research but by the use of research results. And as you know, the simplest thing can be used both for the benefit and the detriment of something. For the above violations, it is proposed to suspend the financing of projects, to prohibit grant applications, to deprive of privileges, awards and titles. It is also proposed to provide for the responsibility of heads of research teams and institutions for concealing instances of academic malpractice.
This happens on the background of other changes, such as the introduction of a rule [3] on the mandatory authorization of the publication of research results, which must be submitted to a government data center before publication, possibly to prevent the publication of results that are relevant to the same national security.
This happens on the background of other changes, such as the introduction of a rule [3] on the mandatory authorization of the publication of research results, which must be submitted to a government data center before publication, possibly to prevent the publication of results that are relevant to the same national security.
In addition, the responsibility for falsifying the results of clinical trials of medicinal products was introduced not long ago [4]. Now, if as a result of falsification of clinical trial results, the drug has entered the market in China and harmed patients, then those who falsified these results could be held liable to the death penalty if the harm caused was the death of patients.
In addition, the responsibility for falsifying the results of clinical trials of medicinal products was introduced not long ago [4]. Now, if as a result of falsification of clinical trial results, the drug has entered the market in China and harmed patients, then those who falsified these results could be held liable to the death penalty if the harm caused was the death of patients.
There is also an awareness of the importance of scientific media space. Recently, government agencies in China announced plans to support their own scientific and technological journals [5], published in English and Chinese, to create alternatives to foreign counterparts. Funding for grants for journals is expected to increase significantly.
There is also an awareness of the importance of scientific media space. Recently, government agencies in China announced plans to support their own scientific and technological journals [5], published in English and Chinese, to create alternatives to foreign counterparts. Funding for grants for journals is expected to increase significantly.
According to UNESCO, China's spending on research and development, including the cost of science, in 2018 amounted for $ 371 billion USD (2.1% of GDP) and is second only to US expenditures on research and development, which in 2018 amounted for $ 476 billion USD (2.86% of GDP) [6]. Although there is some other data [7].
According to UNESCO, China's spending on research and development, including the cost of science, in 2018 amounted for $ 371 billion USD (2.1% of GDP) and is second only to US expenditures on research and development, which in 2018 amounted for $ 476 billion USD (2.86% of GDP) [6]. Although there is some other data [7].
Used sources
Used sources
1. Scimago Journal & Country Rank 2018 ( https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?year=2018 ).
1. Scimago Journal & Country Rank 2018 ( https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?year=2018 ).
2. Seven Days, Policy, Misconduct Law, Nature 574, 300-301 (2019), doi: 10.1038 / d41586-019-03059-5 ( https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03059 -5 ).
2. Seven Days, Policy, Misconduct Law, Nature 574, 300-301 (2019), doi: 10.1038 / d41586-019-03059-5 ( https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03059 -5 ).
3. China asserts firm grip on research data D. Normile, Science, April 9, 2018, ( https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/china-asserts-firm-grip-research-data ).
3. China asserts firm grip on research data D. Normile, Science, April 9, 2018, ( https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/china-asserts-firm-grip-research-data ).
4. China cracks down on fake data in drug trials, D. Cyranoski, Nature 545, 275 (18 May 2017) doi: 10.1038 / nature.2017.21977 ( https://www.nature.com/news/china-cracks- down-on-fake-data-in-drug-trials-1.21977 ).
4. China cracks down on fake data in drug trials, D. Cyranoski, Nature 545, 275 (18 May 2017) doi: 10.1038 / nature.2017.21977 ( https://www.nature.com/news/china-cracks- down-on-fake-data-in-drug-trials-1.21977 ).
5. China to boost domestic science and technology journals, H. Jia, Chemical & Engineering News, September 6, 2019, Vol 97, Issue 35 (https://cen.acs.org/policy/publishing/China- boost-domestic-science-technology / 97 / i35).
5. China to boost domestic science and technology journals, H. Jia, Chemical & Engineering News, September 6, 2019, Vol 97, Issue 35 (https://cen.acs.org/policy/publishing/China- boost-domestic-science-technology / 97 / i35).
6. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/).
6. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/).
7. List of countries by research and development spending, Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spending)
7. List of countries by research and development spending, Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spending)